A great number of verbs in English can be modified by the addition
of a preposition. Often the preposition will nuance, or even
dramatically change, the meaning of the base verb. The meanings are
often idiomatic, and the meaning expressed by any given preposition
may be very different from one verb to another.
It would be impossible to list all such verbs here (but you will
find them in the dictionary itself). These examples will suffice to
provide an illustration of the principle:
to speak -- to say words
to speak up -- to speak loudly
to speak down (to someone) -- to be condescending toward someone
to speak for (someone) -- to speak in someone's place
to put -- to set down
to put up -- to place up high
to put up -- to put in jars or cans
to put away -- to put something back where it belongs
to put down -- to release one's grasp of something
to put out -- to place outside, or to take outside
to put on -- to wear
to turn -- to twist
to turn on -- to make something function (a light, a motor)
to turn off -- to remove the power to (a light, a motor)
to turn around -- to turn to face the opposite direction
to turn up -- to augment the sound, the light
to turn down -- to diminish the sound, the light
to turn out -- to become
to turn red, white, etc. -- to change colors
Sentence structure
When the sentence includes a noun object, the object will
follow the preposition; if the object is replaced by a
pronoun, the pronoun precedes the preposition:
He turned on the television.
He turned it on.
She put away her books.
She put them away.
Multiple preposition verbs
There are many prepositional verbs that take two
prepositions:
to put up with (something, someone) -- to tolerate someone
to go out with -- to accompany someone
to go off on (a digression, an adventure) -- to begin, to start
to run away from -- to flee
Sentence structure
When the verb is followed by two prepositions, the object follows
the two prepositions, whether the object is a noun or a pronoun: